As modern life becomes more hectic, maybe it's time to put leisure back in our vocabulary

Leisure or 閑 (xián) is increasingly a luxury in modern China, especially for those trapped in the rat race of the first- and second-tier cities. The country's rapid growth, combined with an aspiration to do better than the previous generation, has left people little time to even breathe. To many, in between buying apartments and educating their children, free time is wasted time; just the thought induces anxiety and guilt.

In late July, an article titled 20 Million People in Beijing Live a Pretend Life by the WeChat account Zhangxianshengshuo hit a nerve online by claiming that the sprawling metropolis crushes all relationships, diversity and local culture in its expanding orbit; that "there's no life in this city, only the dreams of a few and the jobs of many". The article was reposted so many times that People's Daily was compelled to issue a rebuttal, titled Not a Fake Life; Just a New Life.

Long forgotten and worth bringing back, perhaps, is the notion of leisure, enshrined in the character 閑. The creation of the character was somewhat romantic. The ancients caught a glimpse of moonlight shining through the gaps of the wooden panels of a door at night and created 閒, which originally referred to physical gaps, given that the outside radical 門 stands for door, while the inside radical stands for the moon. Later, the character evolved into 閑, its modern form, and took on the meaning of gaps between time periods or events.

Together with 空 (kòng, empty, free), the two characters formed the phrase 空閑, which means leisure time - or free time, as in 等你空閑下來，我們一起去釣魚。(Děng nǐ kòngxián xiàlái, wǒmen yīqǐ qù diàoyú. When you are free, let's go fishing together.)

More colloquially, people say 閑工夫 (xián gōng fu) to mean a short period of free time. Snatching a moment of leisure from one's busy schedule is 忙里偷閑 (máng lǐ tōu xián), but this is an unaffordable luxury for many living in the fast-paced city.

Back when the world moved at a much slower pace, Chinese literati developed the notion of the leisurely and carefree mood, or 閑情逸致 (xián qíng yì zhì), which became the theme of many literary and artistic creations, such as poetry and calligraphy.

Even ordinary Chinese were known for their mastery of this art of living, as illustrated by author Lin Yutang's classic My Country and My People, written in the 1930s: "Whereas the Chinese in politics are ridiculous and society is childish, at leisure they are at their best. They have so much leisure and so much leisurely joviality."

There is a series of phrases associated with the pastime: 清閑 (qīng xián ) means leisure with peace and quiet; 閑適 (xián shì) means leisurely and comfortable. Someone living in leisure, unbound by worldly affairs, can be referred to as floating clouds and wild cranes or 閑云野鶴 (xián yún yě hè), which was used to describe hermits and Daoist priests in the past. For instance, 退休之后, 他如閑云野鶴，無拘無束。(Tuìxiū zhīhòu, tā rú xiányúnyěhè, wújūwúshù. After retirement, he lives a leisurely life, free from worldly cares and obligations.)

The character can also mean idle, but pure idleness is discouraged. The phrase 吃閑飯 (chī xián fàn), consuming idle food, refers to a loafer or slacker. Another phrase, 游手好閑 (yóu shǒu hào xián) also means to idle about.

Another meaning is unoccupied, as in 閑置 (xián zhì), meaning to leave unused, or in 閑錢 (xián qián), meaning money left over.

Irrelevant or meaningless activities that one does to kill time are also called 閑, such as 閑逛 (xián guàng), meaning loaf, stroll or gad about, and 閑聊 (xián liáo) means idle small talk. 閑話 (xián huà, literally idle words) can either mean digression, gossip or complaint. A fun phrase that's used to describe busybodies is 狗拿耗子，多管閑事 (Gǒu ná hàozi, duō guǎn xiánshì), which means meddling in other people's business like a dog trying to catch mice.

When it comes to the importance of leisure, perhaps it was Lin who put it best: "It is when the repressions of society and business are gone, and when the goads of money and fame and ambition are lifted, and man's spirit wanders where it listeth, that we see the inner man, his real self." Though society puts pressure on everyone to better themselves, it's important to remember not to leave behind the true, inner self. So take a break.

Courtesy of The World of Chinese; www.theworldofchinese.com.cn

The World of Chinese

(China Daily European Weekly 10/06/2017 page23)