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三、2011年的工作

Ⅲ. Work for 2011

2011年，是“十二五”開局之年，做好今年的工作對于完成“十二五”各項目標任務至關重要。過去一年，我們的各項工作取得了很大成績。國內生產總值增長10.3%，居民消費價格漲幅控制在3.3%，城鎮新增就業1168萬人，國際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎。

The year 2011 is the first year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and it is pivotal for us to do a good job this year in order to accomplish all the tasks and objectives set forth in the plan. Last year, we achieved significant results in all our work. GDP rose by 10.3%; the increase in the CPI was held in check at 3.3%; 11.68 million new urban jobs were created; and the balance of payments situation improved. All ofthis laid a good foundation for our work this year.

今年，我國發展面臨的形勢仍然極其復雜。世界經濟將繼續緩慢復蘇，但復蘇的基礎不牢。發達經濟體經濟增長乏力，失業率居高難下，一些國家主權債務危機隱患仍未消除，主要發達經濟體進一步推行寬松貨幣政策，全球流動性大量增加，國際大宗商品價格和主要貨幣匯率加劇波動，新興市場資產泡沫和通脹壓力加大，保護主義繼續升溫。國際市場競爭更加激烈，不穩定不確定因素仍然較多。我國經濟運行中一些長期問題和短期問題相互交織，體制性矛盾和結構性問題疊加在一起，加大了宏觀調控難度。我們要準確判斷形勢，保持清醒頭腦，增強憂患意識，做好應對風險的準備。

This year, our country still faces an extremely complex situation for development. The world economy will continue to recover slowly, but the foundation for recovery is not solid. Economic growth in developed economies is weak, their unemployment rates are and will remain high, and some countries are still under the threat of their sovereign debt crises. Major developed economies have further eased monetary policies, global liquidity has increased greatly, the prices of major commodities and the exchange rates of major currencies have become more volatile in the international market, asset bubbles and inflationary pressure have grown in emerging markets, protectionism continues to heat up, competition in the international market is becoming mote intense, and there are still many unstable and uncertain factors. Some long-term and short-term problems in Our country's economic activities are intertwined, and institutional incongruities and structural problems are stacked up together, making Our macro-control more difficult. We need to correctly? judge the situation, keep our heads clear, be more mindful of potential dangers, and be prepared to respond to risks.

今年國民經濟和社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長8%左右；經濟結構進一步優化；居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6%以內；國際收支狀況繼續改善。總的考慮是，為轉變經濟發展方式創造良好環境，引導各方面把工作著力點放在加快經濟結構調整、提高發展質量和效益上，放在增加就業、改善民生、促進社會和諧上。

The major targets for this year's national economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by around 8%, further optimize the economic structure, keep the cpr increase around 4%, create more than nine million new urban jobs, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at 4.6% or lower, and continue to improve the balance of payments situation. Our main purpose is to create a good environment for transforming the pattern of economic development, and to guide all sectors to focus their work on accelerating economic restructuring and raising the quality and results of development as well as on increasing employment, improving the people's wellbeing and promoting social harmony.

實現上述目標，要保持宏觀經濟政策的連續性、穩定性，提高針對性、靈活性、有效性，處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構、管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重穩定物價總水平，防止經濟出現大的波動。

To achieve the above targets, we need to maintain continuity and stability in ourmacroeconomic policies; make them more targeted, flexible and effective; correctly strike a balance between maintaining steady yet rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations; pay more attention to maintaining overall price stability; and prevent large economic fluctuations.

繼續實施積極的財政政策。保持適當的財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字9000億元，其中中央財政赤字7000億元，繼續代地方發債2000億元并納入地方預算，赤字規模比上年預算減少1500億元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要著力優化財政支出結構，增加“三農”、欠發達地區、民生、社會事業、結構調整、科技創新等重點支出；壓縮一般性支出，嚴格控制黨政機關辦公樓等樓堂館所建設，出國（境）經費、車輛購置及運行費、公務接待費等支出原則上零增長，切實降低行政成本。繼續實行結構性減稅。依法加強稅收征管。對地方政府性債務進行全面審計，實施全口徑監管，研究建立規范的地方政府舉債融資機制。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. We will keep thedeficit and government bonds at appropriate levels. This year, we are projectinga deficit of 900 billion yuan, which consists of a 700 billion yuan central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets. This deficit is 150 billion yuan less than budgeted last year, and the deficit will decrease to around 2% of GDP. We need to focus on optimizing the structure of expenditures. We need to increase expenditures in key areas, such as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; underdeveloped areas; the people's wellbeing; social programs; restructuring; and scientific and technological innovation. We need to decrease ordinary expenditures; strictly control expenditures of Party and government bodies on office buildings and other facilities; keep the budgets for travel abroad, the purchase and operating costs of motor vehicles, and official entertainment at their present level in principle without any increase; and genuinely decrease administrative costs. We will continue to implement structural tax reductions.We will strengthen tax collection and administration in accordance with the law. We will comprehensively audit local government debt, carry out complete oversight .and control, and establish a standardized financing mechanism for local governments to borrow money.

實施穩健的貨幣政策。保持合理的社會融資規模，廣義貨幣增長目標為16%。健全宏觀審慎政策框架，綜合運用價格和數量工具，提高貨幣政策有效性。提高直接融資比重，發揮好股票、債券、產業基金等融資工具的作用，更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。著力優化信貸結構，引導商業銀行加大重點領域和薄弱環節的信貸支持，嚴格控制對“兩高”行業和產能過剩行業貸款。進一步完善人民幣匯率形成機制。密切監控跨境資本流動，防范“熱錢”流入。加強儲備資產的投資和風險管理，提高投資收益。

We will implement a prudent monetary policy. We will keep financing from all sources at an appropriate level, and we have set a target of a 16% increase in the broad money supply (M2). We will improve our policy framework for comprehensively exercising caution and utilize the tools of prices and quantity in an integrated manner to make our monetary policy more effective. We will increase the proportion of direct financing, and make full use of financing tools such as stocks, bonds and private equities to better satisfy the diverse demands for investment and financing. We will strive to optimize the credit structure, guide commercial banks to in crease credit support to key areas and weak links, and strictly control loans to industries that consume large quantities of energy and resources, are highly polluting or have excess capacity. We will further improve the. mechanism for setting RMB exchange rates. We will closely monitor and control cross-border capital flows and prevent the influx of hot money. We will strengthen investment management and risk management over our foreign exchange reserves and increase the returns on our investments.

今年，重點要做好以下幾方面工作。

This year, our focus is on doing the following work well.

（一）保持物價總水平基本穩定

1. Keeping overall price levels basically stable

當前，物價上漲較快，通脹預期增強，這個問題涉及民生、關系全局、影響穩定。要把穩定物價總水平作為宏觀調控的首要任務，充分發揮我國主要工業品總體供大于求、糧食庫存充裕、外匯儲備較多等有利條件，努力消除輸入性、結構性通脹因素的不利影響，消化要素成本上漲壓力，正確引導市場預期，堅決抑制價格上漲勢頭。要以經濟和法律手段為主，輔之以必要的行政手段，全面加強價格調控和監管。一是有效管理市場流動性，控制物價過快上漲的貨幣條件。把握好政府管理商品和服務價格的調整時機、節奏和力度。二是大力發展生產，保障主要農產品、基本生活必需品、重要生產資料的生產和供應。落實“米袋子”省長負責制和“菜籃子”市長負責制。三是加強農產品流通體系建設，積極開展“農超對接”，暢通鮮活農產品運輸“綠色通道”。完善重要商品儲備制度和主要農產品臨時收儲制度，把握好國家儲備吞吐調控時機，搞好進出口調節，增強市場調控能力。四是加強價格監管，維護市場秩序。特別要強化價格執法，嚴肅查處惡意炒作、串通漲價、哄抬價格等不法行為。五是完善補貼制度，建立健全社會救助和保障標準與物價上漲掛鉤的聯動機制，絕不能讓物價上漲影響低收入群眾的正常生活。

Recently, prices have risen fairly quickly and inflation expectations have increased. This problem concerns the people's wellbeing, bears on overall interests and affects social stability. We must therefore make it our top priority in macroeconomic control to keep overall price levels stable. We need to make the most of favorable conditions, such as an ample supply of manufactured goods and our abundant grain reserves and considerable foreign exchange reserves, endeavor to overcome the adverse effects of imported and structural inflation, cushion the upward pressure for costs of factors of production, and correctly guide market expectations to resolutely curb price rises. We need to comprehensively strengthen our work controlling and monitoring prices mainly through economic and legal methods supplemented by administrative means when necessary. First, we will effectively manage market liquidity and control the monetary conditions for commodity prices rising too rapidly. We will decide proper timing, frequency and intensity of price adjustments for goods and services whose prices are regulated by the government. Second, we will vigorously develop production and ensure the production and supply of major farm products, daily necessities and important means of production. We will effectively implement the system of provincial governors taking responsibility for the "rice bag" (grain supply) program and city mayors taking responsibility for the "vegetable basket" (non-grain food supply) program. Third, we will develop the distribution system for farm products, actively encourage farmers and stores to link up, and guarantee the unimpeded transport of fresh farm products through "green channels," where vehicles carrying such goods are exempt from paying road tolls. We will improve the reserve system for important goods and the system for temporarily purchasing and stockpiling major farm products, seize the opportune moment for the state to manipulate reserves, adjust imports and exports, and strengthen our ability to control the market. Fourth, we will strengthen oversight and supervision of prices and maintain market order. We particularly need to strengthen law enforcement concerning pricing, and strictly investigate and deal with illegal behavior such as driving up prices through price collusion or market speculation. Fifth, we will improve the system of subsidies and institute a sound mechanism to raise social assistance and social security benefits when commodity prices rise. We cannot allow price rises to affect the normal lives oflow-income people.

（二）進一步擴大內需特別是居民消費需求

2. Further expanding domestic demand, especially consumer demand

擴大內需是我國經濟發展的長期戰略方針和基本立足點，也是促進經濟均衡發展的根本途徑和內在要求。

Expanding domestic demand is a long-tenn strategic principle and basic standpoint of China's economic development as well as a fundamental means and an internal requirement for promoting balanced economic development.

積極擴大消費需求。繼續增加政府用于改善和擴大消費的支出，增加對城鎮低收入居民和農民的補貼。繼續實施家電下鄉和以舊換新政策。加強農村和中小城市商貿流通、文化體育、旅游、寬帶網絡等基礎設施建設。大力促進文化消費、旅游消費和養老消費。推動農村商業連鎖經營和統一配送，優化城鎮商業網點布局，積極發展電子商務、網絡購物、地理信息等新型服務業態。大力整頓和規范市場秩序，切實維護消費者權益。深入開展打擊侵犯知識產權和制售假冒偽劣商品的專項治理行動。

We will actively boost consumer demand. We will continue to increase government spending used to help expand consumption, and increase subsidies to low-income urban residents and farmers. We will continue to implement the policies of providing subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and subsidies for trading-in old home appliances for new ones. We will strengthen the infrastructure for the distribution of goods, culture and sports, travel, and broadband in rural areas and small and medium-sized cities. We will vigorously promote consumption in the areas of culture, travel and old-age care. We will promote chain-store operations and unified distribution in rural areas, optimize the distribution of urban commercial outlets, and develop new services such as e-commerce, online shopping and the Geographic Information System. We will energetically overhaul and standardize the market, and earnestly protect consumers' rights and interests. We will intensify our efforts to crack down on violations of intellectual property rights and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit or substandard goods.

大力優化投資結構。認真落實國務院關于鼓勵引導民間投資新36條，抓緊制定公開透明的市場準入標準和支持政策，切實放寬市場準入，真正破除各種有形和無形的壁壘，鼓勵和引導民間資本進入基礎產業和基礎設施、市政公用事業、社會事業、金融服務等領域，推動民營企業加強自主創新和轉型升級，鼓勵和引導民間資本重組聯合和參與國有企業改革，加強對民間投資的服務、指導和規范管理，促進社會投資穩定增長和結構優化。充分發揮政府投資對結構調整的引導作用，優先保證重點在建、續建項目的資金需求，有序啟動“十二五”規劃重大項目建設。防止盲目投資和重復建設。嚴格執行投資項目用地、節能、環保、安全等準入標準，提高投資質量和效益。

We will strive to improve the investment structure. We will earnestly implement the State Council's 36 new guidelines for encouraging and guiding nongovernmental investment; work quickly to formulate open and transparent standards and supporting policies on market access; effectively relax restrictions on market access; genuinely eliminate all visible and invisible barriers; encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in areas such as basic industries, infrastructure, municipal public utilities, social programs, and financial services; prod privately run enterprises to strengthen their innovation, transformation and upgrading; encourage and guide the reorganization and mergers of nongovernmental capital and its involvement in SOE reform; strengthen services and guidance for and standardized supervision of nongovernmental investment; and promote its stable growth and structural optimization. We will get government investment to play the leading? role in restructuring, give priority to ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion, and begin construction on the major projects in the Tweifth Five-Year Plan in an orderly manner. We will prevent haphazard investment and redundant construction. We will strictly enforce investment project approval standards on land use, energy conservation, environmental protection and safety, and improve the quality and benefits of investment.

（三）鞏固和加強農業基礎地位

3. Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation ofthe economy

堅持把“三農”工作放在重中之重，在工業化、城鎮化深入發展中同步推進農業現代化，鞏固和發展農業農村好形勢。

We will steadfastly make agriculture, rural areas, and farmers the top priority of the government's work; carry out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization and urbanization; and consolidate and build upon the favorable situation in agriculture and rural areas.

確保農產品供給，多渠道增加農民收入。要把保障糧食安全作為首要目標，毫不放松地抓好農業生產。穩定糧食種植面積，支持優勢產區生產棉花、油料、糖料等大宗產品。大力發展畜牧業、漁業、林業。切實抓好新一輪“菜籃子”工程建設，大中城市郊區要有基本的菜地面積和生鮮食品供給能力。強化農業科技支撐，發展壯大農作物種業，大規模開展高產創建。繼續實施糧食最低收購價政策，今年小麥最低收購價每50公斤提高5到7元，水稻最低收購價每50公斤提高9到23元。大力發展農村非農產業，壯大縣域經濟，提高農民職業技能和創業、創收能力，促進農民就地就近轉移就業。提高扶貧標準，加大扶貧開發力度。

We will ensure an adequate supply of agricultural products and increase farmers' incomes through multiple channels. We will make safeguarding food security our primary goal, and work tirelessly to increase agricultural production. We will keep the area planted in grain crops stable, and support the growing of cotton, oilseed and sugar crops in the most suitable areas. We will energetically develop the animal husbandry, fishery, and forestry sectors. We will effectively carry out the new round of the "vegetable basket" program and ensure that suburbs of large and medium-sized cities have a basic area for growing vegetables and a basic ability to supply fresh produce for urban residents. We will get science and technology to better support agriculture, develop and expand the crop seed industry, and launch large-scale efforts to increase agricultural prOduction. We will continue to implement the policy of minimum grain purchase prices, raise the floor price for wheat by 5 to 7 yuan per 50 kg and increase the floor price for rice by 9 to 23 yuan per 50 kg this year. We will energetically develop nonagricultural industries in rural areas, strengthen county economies, improve farmers' vocational skills and their ability to start their own businesses and increase their incomes, and encourage them to find nonagricultural employment in their hometowns or nearby areas. We will raise the poverty line, and intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.

大興水利，全面加強農業農村基礎設施建設。重點加強農田水利建設、中小河流治理、小型水庫和病險水閘除險加固以及山洪地質災害防治。完善排灌設施，發展節水灌溉，加固河流堤防，搞好清瘀疏浚，消除水庫隱患，擴大防洪庫容。通過幾年努力，全面提高防汛抗旱、防災減災能力。大力推進農村土地開發整理，大規模建設旱澇保收高標準農田，加快全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設。加強農村水電路氣房建設，大力改善農村生產生活條件，努力為農民建設美好家園。

We will put great effort into water conservancy, and comprehensively strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure. We will focus on developing more irrigation and water conservancy projects, harnessing small and medium-sized rivers, reinforcing small reservoirs and faulty and dangerous sluices, and preventing and responding to geological disasters from mountain torrents. We will improve irrigation and drainage facilities, develop water-saving irrigation, reinforce river embankments, clear away silt and dredge waterways, eliminate hidden dangers in reservoirs, and increase their storage capacity to prevent floods. Through several years of hard work, we will comprehensively improve our ability to prevent floods, control droughts, and prevent and mitigate natural disasters. We will vigorously develop and improve rural land, develop arable land that meets high drought and flood resistance standards on a large scale, and accelerate our work to increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons. We will intensify work on projects to provide running water and electricity to rural homes, build and improve roads, exploit methane and construct rural housing, and energetically improve rural working and living conditions, so that farmers can live in a nice environment.

加大“三農”投入，完善強農惠農政策。財政支出重點向農業農村傾斜，確保用于農業農村的總量、增量均有提高；預算內固定資產投資重點用于農業農村基礎設施建設，確保總量和比重進一步提高；土地出讓收益重點投向農業土地開發、農田水利和農村基礎設施建設，確保足額提取、定向使用。今年中央財政用于“三農”的投入擬安排9884.5億元，比上年增加1304.8億元。繼續增加對農民的生產補貼，新增補貼重點向主產區、重點品種、專業大戶、農民專業合作組織傾斜。增加中央財政對糧食、油料、生豬調出大縣的一般性轉移支付，擴大獎勵補助規模和范圍。引導金融機構增加涉農信貸投放，確保涉農貸款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融對“三農”的支持力度。健全政策性農業保險制度，建立農業再保險和巨災風險分散機制。

We will increase funding for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers and improve our policies to strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers. We will direct more government spending toward agriculture and rural areas, and ensure that total expenditures and spending increases in this area are both higher than last year. Our budgetary fixed asset investment will be used mainly to develop agricultural and rural infrastructure, and we will ensure that both the proportion and the total amount of investment further increase. Proceeds from the transfer of land..use rights will be spent primarily on developing agricultural land, irrigation and water conservancy, and constructing rural infrastructure, and we will ensure that an adequate amount of funds is drawn from these proceeds and used for those purposes. This year's allocation for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers from the central government budget will be 988.45 billion yuan, an increase of 130.48 billion yuan over last year. We will continue to increase subsidies to agricultural production, and give high priority in the newly increased subsidies to major production areas, key crop varieties, major specialized households, and specialized farmer cooperatives. We will increase general transfer payments from the central government to the major counties that supply other parts of the country with grain, oilseed and pigs, and expand the size and scope of awards and subsidies. We will encourage financial institutions to increase their supply of credit for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers and ensure that this year's percentage increase in credit is no less than that of last year. We will increase policy-based financial support for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. We will improve the policy-supported agricultural insurance system, and develop an agricultural reinsurance system and a mechanism for diffusing the risk of huge catastrophes.

深化農村改革，增強農村發展活力。堅持和完善農村基本經營制度，健全覆蓋耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包經營制度。有序推進農村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保護補償機制。繼續推進農村綜合改革。全面實施村級公益事業建設一事一議財政獎補，大幅增加獎補資金規模。加快發展農民專業合作組織和農業社會化服務體系，提高農業組織化程度。年底前，在全國普遍建立健全鄉鎮或區域性農業技術推廣、動植物疫病防控、農產品質量監管等公共服務機構。

We will deepen rural refoml, and increase the vitality of rural development. We will adhere to and improve the basic rural operating system and improve the household contract responsibility system for land use including farmland, forestland and grassland. We will move forward with reform of the rural land management system in an orderly manner. We will explore and establish a compensation mechanism for protecting arable land. We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reforms. We will fully implement the govermnent award and subsidy system for village-level public works projects, the launching of which is detennined by villagers themselves, and we will significantly increase the size of awards and subsidies. We will accelerate the development of specialized farmer cooperatives and the system whereby various sectors of society provide services for agriculture, and raise the level of organization in agriculture. By the end of this year, we will put in place sound public services for spreading agricultural technology; preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases; and monitoring the quality of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions all over the country.

解決13億中國人的吃飯問題始終是頭等大事，任何時候都不能掉以輕心。我們有信心也有能力辦好這件大事。

Ensuring adequate food for 1.3 billion Chinese people is always a top priority, and we must never treat this issue lightly. We have the confidence and the ability to handle this important matter well.

（四）加快推進經濟結構戰略性調整

4. Accelerating strategic economic restructuring

這是轉變經濟發展方式的主攻方向。要推動經濟盡快走上內生增長、創新驅動的軌道。

This is the major goal of transforming the pattern of economic development. China's economy needs to be quickly put on the path of endogenous growth driven by ihhovation.

調整優化產業結構。加快構建現代產業體系，推動產業轉型升級。

We will adjust and optimize the industrial structure. We will quicken the establishment of a modern industrial system and give impetus to industrial transformation and upgrading.

一是改造提升制造業。加大企業技術改造力度，重點增強新產品開發能力和品牌創建能力，提高能源資源綜合利用水平、技術工藝系統集成水平，提高產品質量、技術含量和附加值。推動重點行業企業跨地區兼并重組。完善落后產能退出機制和配套政策。二是加快培育發展戰略性新興產業。積極發展新一代信息技術產業，建設高性能寬帶信息網，加快實現“三網融合”，促進物聯網示范應用。要抓緊制定標準，完善政策，加強創新能力建設，發揮科技型中小企業作用，促進戰略性新興產業健康發展，加快形成生產能力和核心競爭力。三是大力發展服務業。加快發展生產性服務業，積極發展生活性服務業。大力發展和提升軟件產業。著力營造有利于服務業發展的市場環境，加快完善促進服務業發展的政策體系。盡快實現鼓勵類服務業用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業基本同價。四是加強現代能源產業和綜合運輸體系建設。積極推動能源生產和利用方式變革，提高能源利用效率。推進傳統能源清潔利用，加強智能電網建設，大力發展清潔能源。統籌發展、加快構建便捷、安全、高效的綜合運輸體系。堅持陸海統籌，推進海洋經濟發展。

First, we will transform and upgrade manufacturing industries.

We will intensify technological upgrading in enterprises, with the focus on becoming better able to develop new products and build brand names; utilize energy and resources more comprehensively; increase the iIltegratioIl of technological and process systems; and raise the quality, technological content and value-added of products. We will encourage enterprises in key industries to enter into trans-regional acquisitions and reorganizations. We will improve the exit mechanism and accompanying policies for outdated productioll capacity.

Second, we will accelerate the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries.

We will vigorously develop the next-generation IT industry; build a high-performance broadband information network; accelerate the integration of the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet; and promote demonstrations on how to use the Internet of Things. We will energetically give impetus to the development of industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new materials and new energy vehicles. We need to promptly fornmlate standards, improve policies, enhance innovation capabilities, get small and medium-sized high-tech companies to play their role, and foster the healthy development of strategic emerging industries so they more quickly build their production capacity and core competitiveness.

Third, we will vigorously develop service industries.

We will accelerate the development of producer services and actively develop consumer services. We will make every effort to develop and upgrade the software industry. We will strive to create a market environment that is conducive to the development of service industries, and quickly improve the policy system for stimulating their development. We will make the prices of power, water, gas and heating basically the same for both service industries encouraged by the state and the industrial sector as quickly as possible.

Fourth, we will strengthen the modern energy industry and the comprellensive transport system.

We will actively promote changes in the way energy is produced and used and raise energy efficiency. We will give impetus to the clean use of traditional energy sources, intensify the construction. of smart power grids, and vigorously develop clean energy. We will coordinate the development and accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transport system that is convenient, safe and highly efficient. We will steadfastly make coordinated development plans for land and sea and advance the development of the marine economy.

促進區域協調發展。全面落實各項區域發展規劃。堅持把實施西部大開發戰略放在區域發展總體戰略的優先位置，認真落實西部大開發新十年的政策措施和促進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展的各項舉措。全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，繼續推進資源型城市轉型。大力促進中部地區崛起，進一步發揮承東啟西的區位優勢。積極支持東部地區率先發展，在體制機制創新和發展方式轉變上走在全國前列。

We will promote balanced development between regions. We will fully implement all regional development plans. In implementing tile master strategy of regional development, we will steadfastly give high priority to the strategy of large-scale development of the western region, and earnestly implement the policies and measures for the new ten-year period of the large-scale development of the western region and all the measures to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang. We will fully revitalize old industrial bases such as northeast China and continue to transform resource-dependent cities. We will vigorously foster the rise of the central region and make greater use of its geographical advantage of linking the eastern and western regions. We will actively support the eastern region in taking the lead in development, and leading the country in making innovations in systems and mechanisms and transforming the pattern of development.

更好發揮深圳等經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放中先行先試的作用。加大力度支持革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區發展，頒布實施2011-2020年中國農村扶貧開發綱要，啟動集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧開發攻堅工程，加快貧困地區脫貧致富步伐。

We will get Shenzhen and other special economic zones, Pudong New Area in Shanghai and Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better playa leading and exploratory role in reform and opening up. We will give greater support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas and border areas, promulgate and implement the 2011..2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program, launch the project to alleviate poverty through development in contiguous areas with particular difficulties, and lift impoverished areas out of poverty more quickly.

積極穩妥推進城鎮化。堅持走中國特色城鎮化道路，遵循城市發展規律，促進城鎮化健康發展。堅持科學規劃，嚴格管理。加強城市基礎設施和公共服務設施建設，增強城鎮綜合承載能力，提高管理和服務水平。因地制宜，分步推進，把有穩定勞動關系并在城鎮居住一定年限的農民工，逐步轉為城鎮居民。對暫不具備落戶條件的農民工，要解決好他們在勞動報酬、子女就學、公共衛生、住房租賃、社會保障等方面的實際問題。要充分尊重農民在進城和留鄉問題上的自主選擇權，切實保護農民承包地、宅基地等合法權益。城鎮化要同農業現代化和新農村建設相互促進，這是必須堅持的正確方向。

We will actively yet prudently move forward with urbanization. We will adhere to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, abide by the principles of urban development and foster the sound development of urbanization. We will adhere to scientific planning and strict management. We will strengthen urban infrastructure and public service facilities, increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns, and raise the level of urban management and services. We will gradually make sure that rural migrant workers who have stable jobs and have lived in cities or towns for a number of years are registered as urban residents in .line with local conditions and in a step-by-step manner. We need to help rural migrant workers who do not currently qualify as urban residents to resolve practical difficulties such as remtmeration, schooling for their children, public health, renting homes, and social security. We need to fully respect the right of farmers to independently choose whether to seek jobs in cities or stay in their home villages, and genuinely protect their legitimate rights and interests concerning land they contract to work and the land on which their homes sit. We must steadfastly adhere to the correct orientation of ensuring that urbanization together with agricultural modernization and the building of a new countryside are mutually reinforcing.

加強節能環保和生態建設，積極應對氣候變化。突出抓好工業、建筑、交通運輸、公共機構等領域節能。繼續實施重點節能工程。大力開展工業節能，推廣節能技術，運用節能設備，提高能源利用效率。加大既有建筑節能改造投入，積極推進新建建筑節能。大力發展循環經濟。推進低碳城市試點。加強適應氣候變化特別是應對極端氣候事件能力建設。建立完善溫室氣體排放和節能減排統計監測制度。加快城鎮污水管網、垃圾處理設施的規劃和建設，推廣污水處理回用。啟動燃煤電廠脫硝工作，深化顆粒物污染防治。加強海洋污染治理。加快重點流域水污染治理、大氣污染治理、重點地區重金屬污染治理和農村環境綜合整治，控制農村面源污染。繼續實施重大生態修復工程，加強重點生態功能區保護和管理，實施天然林資源保護二期工程，落實草原生態保護補助獎勵政策，鞏固退耕還林還草、退牧還草等成果，大力開展植樹造林，加強濕地保護與恢復，推進荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理。完善防災減災應急預案，加快山洪地質災害易發區調查評價、監測預警、防治應急等體制建設。

We will strengthen energy conservation, environmental protection and ecological development, and actively respond to climate change. We will focus on conserving energy in areas such as the industrial sector, construction, transportation and public institutions. We will continue to implement key energy conservation projects. We will vigorously conserve energy in the industrial sector, popularize energy-conserving technology and equipment, and improve energy efficiency. We will invest more in improving energy conservation in existing buildings and actively promote energy conservation in new buildings. We will vigorously develop the circular economy. We will move forward with the pilot project to build low-carbon cities. We will strengthen our capacity to adapt to climate change and respond to extreme climate events in particular. We will put in place well-equipped statistical and monitoring systems for greenhouse gas emissions, energy conservation and emissions reduction. We will accelerate the planning and building of sewer networks and garbage disposal facilities in urban areas and expand the use of recycled water. We will start the work of denitration in coal-fired power plants and strengthen prevention and control of particles pollution; step up the treatment of marine pollution; accelerate the treatment of water pollution in key river basins, the treatment of air pollution, the treatment of heavy metal pollution in key areas and the comprehensive improvement of the rural environment; and control pollution from non-point rural sources. We will continue to carry out major ecological restoration projects, intensify the protection and management of major functional ecological zones, implement the second phase of the project to protect natural forest resources, implement the subsidy and reward policy for grassland ecological conservation, consolidate achievements already made in turning reclaimed farmland into forests and grasslands as well as grazing land to grasslands, vigorously carry out afforestation, strengthen wetland protection and recovery, and make progress in comprehensively dealing with desertification and stony deserts. We will improve contingency plans for preventing and mitigating natural disasters, and accelerate the development of surveying and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, and emergency response systems in areas prone to geological disasters from mountain torrents.

（五）大力實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略

5. Vigorously implementing the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through human resource development

科技、教育和人才是國家發展的基礎和根本，必須始終放在重要的戰略位置。

Science and technology, education and human resources are the foundation of national development, and they must therefore always be given an important strategic position.

堅持優先發展教育。推動教育事業科學發展，為人們提供更加多樣、更加公平、更高質量的教育。2012年財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比重達到4%。加快發展學前教育。公辦民辦并舉，增加學前教育資源，抓緊解決“入園難”問題。促進義務教育均衡發展。加強義務教育階段學校標準化建設，公共資源配置重點向農村和城市薄弱學校傾斜。以流入地政府和公辦學校為主，切實保障農民工隨遷子女平等接受義務教育。支持民族地區教育發展，做好“雙語”教學工作。全面推進素質教育。加快教育改革，切實減輕中小學生過重課業負擔，注重引導和培養孩子們獨立思考、實踐創新能力。保證中小學生每天一小時校園體育活動。大力發展職業教育。引導高中階段學校和高等學校辦出特色，提高教育質量，增強學生就業創業能力。加強重點學科建設，加快建設一批世界一流大學。支持特殊教育發展。落實和完善國家助學制度，無論哪個教育階段，都要確保每個孩子不因家庭經濟困難而失學。

We will continue to give high priority to education. We will promote the scientific development of education programs, and provide people with more diverse, more equitable and higher-quality education. In 2012, government spending on education will reach 4% of GDP. We will speed up the development of preschool education. We will encourage both governmental and nongovernmental bodies to provide preschool educational services in order to increase resources and promptly solve problems concerning access to preschool education. We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education. We will strengthen standardization in compulsory education schools, and ensure that the allocation of public resources gives priority to rural schools and weak urban schools. Relying mainly on local governments and public schools, we will guarantee equal access to compulsory education for the children of rural migrant workers who live in cities. We will support the development of education and promote bilingual instruction in ethnic minority areas. We will comprehensively promote well-rounded education. We will accelerate education reforms; genuinely lighten the school workload of primary and secondary school students; and give high priority to guiding students and fostering their ability to think independently, solve practical problems and be innovative. We will ensure that primary and middle school students do one hour of physical exercise in school every day. We will vigorously develop vocational education. We will guide senior secondary schools and universities to emphasize their unique features, raise the quality of their teaching, and help their students to become better able to find employment or start their own businesses. We will strengthen the development of key disciplines and accelerate the development of a number of world-class universities. We will support the development of special education. We will implement and improve the government financial aid system for students and ensure no children are obliged to discontinue schooling at any stage of education due to their. family's financial difficulties.

全面加強人才工作。以高層次和高技能人才為重點，加快培養造就一大批創新型科技人才和急需緊缺人才。加大人才開發投入，推進重大人才工程。深化選人用人制度改革，努力營造平等公開、競爭擇優的制度和社會環境，激勵優秀人才脫穎而出，創造人盡其才的良好局面。

We will comprehensively strengthen human resource development. With the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel, we will more quickly foster a large number of innovative scientists and engineers and skilled workers who are urgently needed and in short supply. We will invest more in human resource development and carry out major projects to foster talented personnel. We will deepen the reform of the systems for selecting and employing personnel; strive to create an. equitable, open and competitive system as well as social environment in which people are selected on their merits; encourage outstanding people to emerge; and create an environment that encourages talented people to tap their full potential.

大力推進科技創新。加快實施國家科技重大專項，突破一批核心關鍵技術，提升重大集成創新能力。加強基礎研究、前沿技術研究，增強原始創新能力。推動建立企業主導技術研發創新的體制機制。鼓勵企業共同出資開展關鍵共性技術研發，共擔風險、共享成果，對符合國家戰略方向的項目，政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。深化科技管理體制改革，促進科技資源優化配置、高效利用和開放共享。激勵科研院所、高等學校和廣大科技人員以多種形式與企業合作。保持財政科技投入穩定增長，提高科研經費使用效率。堅定不移地實施國家知識產權戰略，提升知識產權的創造、應用、保護、管理能力，激發全社會創新活力。

We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. We will speed up the implementation of major national science and technology projects, make breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and enhance our capabilities to carry out major integrated innovation projects. We will strengthen basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies and increase our capacity for original innovation. We will give impetus to the establishment of systems and mechanisms for enterprises to take the lead in R&D and innovation. We will encourage enterprises to undertake jointly funded R&D on key generic technologies and share both risks and rewards. The government needs to provide policy and financial support to projects in areas of national strategic interests. We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, and promote the optimal allocation, efficient use and public sharing of scientific and technological resources. We will provide incentives to research institutes, universities, scientists and engineers to encourage them to cooperate with enterprises in various ways. We will steadily increase government spending on science and technology, and improve the performance of research expenditures. We will unswervingly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights; improve our ability to create, apply, protect and manage them; and arouse an innovative spirit throughout society.