下屆聯(lián)合國秘書長寶座花落誰家？——秘書長候選人大盤點

António Guterres
安東尼奧?古特雷斯

The most high-profile candidate to date, Guterres was Portugal's prime minister from 1995 to 2002 and then UN high commissioner for refugees for a decade from 2005 to 2015, where he often played the role of the west's conscience as it failed to respond adequately to the greatest refugee crisis since the second world war. The UNHCR is generally seen as one of the more functional arms of the UN and is held in high esteem. There is no doubt Guterres has ample experience of dealing with both the UN machine and with member states, and is a passionate spokesman. Perhaps too passionate for the security council “P5” powers, who may fear his independent streak. His gender and region of origin also weigh against him.
迄今為止，在眾多候選人之中，最受矚目的要數(shù)古特雷斯，他于1995年至2002年擔(dān)任葡萄牙總理，后于2005年至2015年任聯(lián)合國難民事務(wù)高級專員一職，期間他經(jīng)常扮演著“西方良知”的角色。但是在這場自二戰(zhàn)以來最嚴(yán)重的難民危機中，他所在的組織所采取的處理方針卻不盡如人意。聯(lián)合國難民事務(wù)高級專員公署通常被視為聯(lián)合國的主要職能機構(gòu)之一，威望極高。毫無疑問，古特雷斯不僅在處理聯(lián)合國機構(gòu)及各成員國關(guān)系的問題上經(jīng)驗豐富，并且還是個充滿激情的演說家。不過他特立獨行，鋒芒太盛，可能會使五大常任理事國感到擔(dān)憂。同時，他的性別和出身地也是個阻礙。

Natalia Gherman
娜塔莉亞?蓋爾曼

Gherman was deputy prime minister and foreign minister in Moldova and has been an ambassador in several European capitals. Her principal UN involvement has been helping to push its development agenda with an emphasis on human rights and gender equality. Her application letter points out that in 2014 the Guardian listed her as one of “seven women to watch in global politics who are leading change all over the world”. The long-running friction between Moldova and Russia over the breakaway region of Transnistria could mean she is blocked by Moscow.
蓋爾曼曾任摩爾多瓦共和國第一副總理及外交部長，曾駐歐洲多國擔(dān)任大使，在聯(lián)合國的主要職責(zé)是幫助推進人權(quán)和性別平等的發(fā)展議程。她的競選申請書指出，在2014年她被《衛(wèi)報》評為“守望全球政壇變革的七位世界女性領(lǐng)袖”之一。但是，由于摩爾多瓦的德涅斯特河沿岸地區(qū)居民要求并入俄羅斯，兩國之間長期存在摩擦沖突，這可能會導(dǎo)致她在競選時受到莫斯科方面的掣肘。

Danilo Türk
達尼洛?蒂尓克

Türk is one of modern Slovenia's founding fathers, having led the campaign for human rights in the last years of Yugoslavia, as well as being a longstanding presence at the UN. In 1985, when he was 33, he drafted the text of the Declaration on the Right to Development. He served as assistant secretary general for political affairs under Kofi Annan, and then rounded off his career in the largely ceremonial role of Slovenian president 2007-2012.
蒂尓克是斯洛文尼亞共和國的建國元勛之一，在過去幾年中，他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了南斯拉夫的人權(quán)運動，同時長期在聯(lián)合國任職。1985年，年僅33歲的蒂尓克就負(fù)責(zé)《發(fā)展權(quán)宣言》的起草。在科菲?安南擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國秘書長期間，他曾任其助理秘書長，負(fù)責(zé)政務(wù)工作。隨后，蒂尓克的政治事業(yè)進一步發(fā)展，2007年到2012年，他曾擔(dān)任斯洛文尼亞共和國總統(tǒng)。

Igor Luk?i?
伊戈爾?盧克希奇

Luksic is the former prime minister and current foreign minister of another small former Yugoslav republic, Montenegro, and is not yet 40, making him one of the younger contenders. He has been on the pro-western, pro-Nato wing of Montenegrin politics, which will not endear him to Moscow. On the other hand he is one of the more literary of the candidates, having published three volumes of poetry and prose, The Book of Laughter, The Book of Fear and The Book of Doubt – all of which would come in handy in the UN top job.
盧克希奇曾是黑山共和國（原隸屬南斯拉夫）副總理，現(xiàn)任外交部長。今年還未滿40歲，是這批競爭者中的后起之秀。在黑山共和國政壇中，他始終擁護西方國家和北大西洋公約組織，因此與俄羅斯關(guān)系疏離。另一方面，他也是最文藝的候選者之一，至今已出版了三本詩歌散文集：《笑聲之書》、《恐懼之書》和《質(zhì)疑之書》，這對于日后處理聯(lián)合國高級事務(wù)將大有幫助。

Vesna Pusi?
韋斯娜?皮習(xí)克

Pusi?, Croatia's foreign minister and deputy prime minister, has impeccable pro-democracy credentials. She set up the first feminist organisation in former Yugoslavia, organised civic society meetings between Croatians and Serbians when the two countries were at war and has been a consistent advocate for LGBT rights in post-communist Croatia, riling the right and the church hierarchy. That activism and her generally pro-western record are likely to be an issue for Moscow.
皮習(xí)克現(xiàn)任克羅地亞共和國外交部長及副總理，在民主建設(shè)成就方面堪稱無懈可擊。她創(chuàng)建了前南斯拉夫第一個女權(quán)主義組織，在克羅地亞和塞爾維亞交戰(zhàn)期間，普斯科還組織召開了兩國公民社會會議。在后共產(chǎn)主義時期的克羅地亞，她還堅持維護同性戀群體利益，為此不惜激怒了右翼分子和教會勢力。正是這種激進主義舉措以及她一貫的親西方作風(fēng)可能會讓莫斯科方面對她有所顧慮。

Srgjan Kerim
斯?fàn)栒?克里姆

Another former foreign minister, from another former Yugoslav republic, Kerim is Macedonia's entry to the contest. His claim to UN experience is his time spent as president of the general assembly from 2007 and 2008. He also stands out a little from the crowd because he has hands-on business experience, running a media company in Skopje. He also claims to speak nine languages, though four of them are pretty similar.
克里姆同樣是來自前南斯拉夫地區(qū)，曾任馬其頓共和國外交部長，此次是代表馬其頓共和國進入競選。他曾于2007年-2008年擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國大會主席。克里姆在斯科普里開了家傳媒公司，豐富的商務(wù)實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗令他比眾多對手略勝一籌。他還聲稱精通九種語言，但是其中有四種非常相近。

Irina Bokova
伊琳娜?博科娃

The Bulgarian director-general of Unesco is an early favourite in the race because she ticks a lot of boxes. She is a woman who has run a big UN institution for seven years, she has friendly relations with Moscow (which may believe she will be sympathetic, having grown up in a true-believer communist household), and she has already won something of a Bulgarian primary, edging out another strong contender, Kristalina Georgieva, an EU commissioner and economist, to get Sofia's official nomination.
博科娃來自保加利亞，擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國科教文組織總干事。她在早期的競選中備受青睞，掌管著聯(lián)合國的大型機構(gòu)長達七年，與莫斯科方面關(guān)系友好（莫斯科與她意氣相投，也許是因為她是在真正的共產(chǎn)主義信徒家庭中長大的）。在保加利亞的內(nèi)部初選中，她首戰(zhàn)告捷，險勝另一位強有力的競爭對手——歐盟專員兼經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，克里斯特麗娜?喬治艾娃，贏得了保加利亞候選人的提名。

Helen Clark
海倫?克拉克

The former New Zealand prime minister and head of the UN's development programme is the most powerful woman in the organisation. Her UNDP role has won her many developing world friends in the general assembly. Furthermore, no one from her region has ever had the top job, so her backers could argue it is as much her turn as any of the eastern Europeans.
克拉克是新西蘭前總理，現(xiàn)任聯(lián)合國發(fā)展計劃署署長，是聯(lián)合國最有影響力的女性。這一地位助她在聯(lián)合國大會上贏得許多發(fā)展中國家的支持。此外，新西蘭還從來沒有人擔(dān)任過聯(lián)合國秘書長，所以她的支持者們一致認(rèn)為她獲勝的希望不亞于任何東歐候選人。

Vuk Jeremi?
武克·耶雷米奇

Vuk Jeremi? is Serbian politician and diplomat. Jeremi? was President of the Sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. Also Jeremi? was president of the Tennis Federation of Serbia (2011–2015). Currently he is the President of the Center for International Relations and Sustainable Development (CIRSD) and Editor-in-Chief of Horizons, a global public policy English-language magazine.
武克·耶雷米奇是塞爾維亞政治家和外交家。耶雷米奇曾任第67屆聯(lián)合國大會主席和塞爾維亞外交部長。此外，耶雷米奇還在2011年至2015年間擔(dān)任過塞爾維亞網(wǎng)球聯(lián)合會的主席。目前耶雷米奇任國際關(guān)系和可持續(xù)發(fā)展中心主席以及《地平線》雜志（一本討論全球公共政策的英文期刊）的主編。

聯(lián)合國秘書長是干啥的？