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荒漠變草原，農民成市民——鄂爾多斯城鎮化建設新探索
Farmers turn urban in Ordos

[ 2013-02-28 14:01]

來源：中國日報網

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Urbanization rate

Similar programs are also under way in a number of other cities and towns in Inner Mongolia. The urbanization rate of the autonomous region had risen to 60 percent by the end of last year from 42 percent in 2000. The number is expected to climb further to 65 percent by 2020, when more than 16 million people will live in cities and towns.

In the Dongsheng district of Ordos, the residential area has 126 buildings. Each six-story building has 12 apartments, two per floor. As part of a government project to relocate farmers and herdsman from the nearby counties of Hantai and Bojianghai, the apartments are sold at a price of 600 to 1,000 yuan per sq m, around a quarter of the market price of similar apartments.

Liu Qingshan, 69, and his 64-year-old wife moved to their new apartment in Dongsheng in early 2012. They came from a village in Hantai county, about 10 km from the downtown area they now call home. He said the relocation is good for him and his four children. "There was no food market in the village and we could only eat the few types of vegetables that we could grow ourselves. The youngsters couldn't stay in the village because they are aiming to make better careers in the cities. If we hadn't moved, it would have been hard for the children to take care of us."

It is estimated that China will have 160 million people aged 65 and older by 2020. Meanwhile, in the coming decades, the number of families comprising a couple, two sets of grandparents and a child will increase immensely, placing a much greater burden on middle-aged family members than in previous generations.

In Ordos, residents aged 60 and older account for 11 percent of the population, according to statistics released at the end of last year.

城鎮化帶來新變化

在內蒙各地，這樣的城鎮化項目正在逐年增加。在鄂爾多斯市，十年來，累計轉移農牧區人口50多萬，全市實際從事農牧業的人口僅20余萬。2002年農牧民人均純收入為2470元,2012年農牧民人均純收入達到11353元，年均增長13.1%。實施城鄉統籌之后人口轉移，不僅富了農牧民，而且使當地的生態環境有了極大的改善。植被覆蓋率由2000年的25%提高到現在的75%以上。

在內蒙，生活著蒙、滿、回等多個少數民族。為了營造出讓居民感到親切的生活環境，鄂爾多斯給村民安排的新小區都做了貼心的小改造。69歲的老人劉青山去年初和老板剛搬到鄂爾多斯東勝區的新房子里。在朝南的一間主臥中，我們看到了一個帶“炕”的裝修。與傳統燒火取暖的炕有所不同，新房的炕燒的是暖氣，有炕的外形，但節能、干凈。

劉大爺告訴我們，小區的房子都是六層的小平房，一共有126棟，安置的是罕臺和泊江海鎮的居民。劉大爺說：“以前在農村，沒有超市。菜都是自己種自己吃，種類非常少?，F在不一樣，小區的超市什么都有，方便多了。對兒女來說，老人住城里也給孩子們帶來便利。年輕人畢竟得到大城市才能有更好的發展，但老人在村里住他們來回跑也很累。現在搬到市區，孩子們照顧老人也方便多了?！?/p>

目前，鄂爾多斯市60周歲以上老年人18.4萬人，占戶籍人口的11.9%，其中，80周歲以上老年人2.3萬人，百歲老人25人，總體上進入了老齡化社會。2011年末戶籍人口154.2萬人，其中非農業人口48.9萬人。

中國國務院日前討論通過的《中國老齡事業發展“十二五”規劃》預測，“十二五”時期，中國60歲以上老年人將由1．78億增加到2．21億，老年人口比重將由13．3％增加到16％，人口老齡化進程將加快，社會養老保障和養老服務需求將大量增加。

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