漢語中“請”字的用法十分靈活,既可做敬語用,以緩和語氣、增強(qiáng)感情色彩,又可作表意動(dòng)詞,在不同的上下文中有“請求”、“邀請”、“聘請”、“請客”、“請便”、“請假”、“申請”等含義。這這些含義在英譯中,選詞各不相同,現(xiàn)介紹如下:
1)“請”字用在表達(dá)祈使語氣的句子里,做敬語用,譯為please。如:
請來兩杯咖啡。Two coffees, please.
請進(jìn)來。Please come in.或Come in, please.
請把鉛筆遞給我好嗎?Will you please pass me the pencil?
贊成這個(gè)建議的人請簽名。Those in favor of the suggestion please sign your names.
2) 當(dāng)“請”字含有“請求/懇求某人做某事”的意義時(shí),常譯作ask或request。前者為通用詞,多用在一般場合;后者為書面語,多用在較為正式的場合并表示有禮貌的請求。當(dāng)表示“強(qiáng)烈的懇求”時(shí),又譯作beg。如:
能不能請你幫我一個(gè)忙?May I ask a favor of you?
觀眾請勿撫摸展品。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
孩子們懇求要與我們同來。The children begged to come with us.
3) 當(dāng)“請”字與“允許”連用時(shí),作為較正式場合使用的客套話,用于征求對方同意,常譯作allow,有時(shí)也譯作please allow。如:
請?jiān)试S我介紹一下張教授. Allow me to introduce Professor Zhang.
請讓我?guī)湍隳媚愕奶岚lease allow me to carry your bag.
4)當(dāng)“請”字表示“正式的請求”時(shí),在書面語體中,譯為pray,相當(dāng)于I pray you或please,常置于謂語動(dòng)詞之前或問句之后。如:
請不要如此大聲說話。Pray don’t speak so loud.
請問那有什么用處呢?What is the use of that, pray?
5)當(dāng)“請”字有邀約的含義時(shí),常譯作invite或ask,若被邀約者是長者或者不熟悉的人,邀請又較正式,多用invite;反之,多用ask。如:
咱們?nèi)フ埶麄冞^來喝一杯。Let's invite them over for a drink.
王先生在門口,我可以請他進(jìn)來嗎?Mr. Wang is at the door, shall I ask him in?
6)“請”字作“聘請”時(shí),可譯為engage。如:
我們想請一位保姆。We'd like to engage a nurse.
7) “請”字用于招待客人自用食物或其它東西時(shí),可譯為help yourself/yourselves, please yourself/yourselves, do as you wish.如:
請抽煙!Help yourself to the cigarettes.
如果你感到不舒服,就請自便吧。If you feel out of sorts, you may please yourself.
甲:我可以抽煙嗎? 乙:請自便。
A: May I smoke? B: Just as you wish.
8)“請”字有“請客”、“做東”的意思時(shí),可譯作動(dòng)詞短語;stand treat或stand one’s hand, stand somebody a dinner/a drink, etc;也可譯作動(dòng)詞treat, entertain, regale。其中treat指一般請客吃飯、看戲、看電影和球賽等;entertain用于在自己家中宴請客人;regale著重強(qiáng)調(diào)盛情款待。如:
咱們?nèi)タ磻虬桑艺埧汀e’ll go to the theatre, and I’ll stand treat.
我請你吃飯。Let me stand you a dinner.
她經(jīng)常請客。She entertains a great deal.
主人宴請賓客。The host regaled the honored guests with a feast.
9)“請”字在“請假”、“請求”、“申請”等詞中表示“請準(zhǔn)或希望得到”的含義,譯為ask for(用于一般場合)或apply for(用于正式場合)。如:
她請了兩天病假。She asked for two day’s sick leave.
他申請了出(入)境簽證。He applied for an exit/entry visa.
10)“請”字表示“叫、喚”的意思時(shí),可譯為動(dòng)詞短語;send for, call in, go for。如:
他請了一位調(diào)停人來調(diào)解這次爭執(zhí)。He called in a mediator to settle the dispute.
要我去請醫(yī)生嗎?Shall I go for a doctor?
他們立刻派人去請了醫(yī)生,但醫(yī)生還沒有到。They sent for a doctor at once, but he hasn't arrived yet.
(通訊員王源投稿 英語點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯)